*IUPAC code is an extended vocabulary of 15 letters which allows the description of ambiguous DNA code. Each letter represents a combination of one or several nucleotides:

B=(C,G,T), D=(A,G,T), H=(A,C,T), K=(G,T), M=(A,C), N=(A,C,G,T), R=(A,G), S=(G,C), V=(A,C,G), W=(A,T), Y=(C,T).
U=Uracil; I=Inosine. LNA: dA=E, dC=F, dG=J, dT=L

**SantaLucia J (1998) A unified view of polymer, dumbbell, and oligonucleotide DNA nearest-neighbor thermodynamics.
Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA, 95:1460-1465.

McTigue, Patricia M., Peterson, Raymond J., and Kahn, Jason D. (2004). Sequence-Dependent Thermodynamic Parameters for Locked Nucleic Acid (LNA)-DNA Duplex Formation.
Biochemistry, 43, 5388-5405.

Xia T, SantaLucia J Jr, Burkard ME, Kierzek R, Schroeder SJ, Jiao X, Cox C, Turner DH. (1998) Thermodynamic parameters for an expanded nearest-neighbor model for formation of RNA duplexes with Watson-Crick base pairs.
Biochemistry, 37(42):14719-35.

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